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Pipe-and-Tube-Welding,Process Expertise for SuccessSOLUTIONS with Effective, Powerful Advice
Pipe-and-Tube-Welding Test Positions are used in pipe welding tests, known as: Note: G stands for Groove Welding. What is in here for me?
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Difference between Pipes and Tubes. A recurring query from the public asks on the difference in definition between Pipes and Tubes. Here are some possible answers, from online sources.
Almost all processes can be used for Pipe-and-Tube-Welding. The selection, as usual, is based on availability, expediency and economy. SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)(stick) and GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)(Tig) have been in use for years with a history of success in demanding applications of Pipe and Tube Welding. GTAW has been applied for Pipe-and-Tube-Welding thin walls of stainless steels and special alloys tubes or, with thicker pipes, for the root pass when quality is critical. Both the above processes need a good measure of personal experience and skill for meeting product requirements, especially for high pressure and/or high temperature applications. Although the economic advantages of higher productivity (measured as weld metal deposition rate) Pipe-and-Tube-Welding processes like GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) and FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding) were recognized early, their practical application has been hindered by unsuccessful applications. According to Ed Craig (www.weldreality.com), a well known authority with vast experience of these processes (on the applications of which he devotes training aids like books, articles and video courses), the main cause for their unsatisfactory utilization is an apathetic management attitude. For a page from the Website of Ed Craig, presenting data on Pipe and Tube Welding ASTM - API Carbon & Low Alloy Pipe Steels, click on Pipe Data. Further links are available therefrom. To readers needing specific procedures for Pipe Welding, especially for GMAW, the Chapter Twelve from page 435 to page to page 512 of Ed Craig's book: GMAW and FCAW stand on process expertise with in-depth understanding of the influence of their many parameters, and not on manipulation skills. The failure to recognize that, is responsible for letting those welders, who do not know any better, to come to terms with under rated conditions they feel comfortable with. Obviously any potential advantages of the methods for Pipe and Tube Welding are lost in the process. While we cannot claim to show in a short page a complete treatise on Pipe-and-Tube-Welding, we are going to present hereafter nonetheless a few of Ed Craig's recommendations, with his kind authorization.
Root pass joint preparation for outside GMA welding in position 1G (horizontal pipe, rotated) and 5G (horizontal pipe, fixed) on pipes of various diameters, from 6 to 13 mm (0.25 to 0.5 ") thick. Preferred dimension of pipe root face or land (straight length of the original face of pipe section between inside diameter and start of bevel): between 1.6 to 2.4 mm (1/16 to 3/32"). Preferred root gap: 4 mm +0.8 (5/32" +1/32). This joint preparation is suitable for welding the root pass in Pipe-and-Tube-Welding with GMAW in the short circuit transfer mode. If the pipe is rotated, the vertical down welding technique is recommended. With the torch fixed between 1 and 2 o'clock, this is equivalent to counter-clockwise pipe rotation. Total bevel angle recommended is 80 to 90 degrees (instead of the more common 60 degrees) to improve the conditions for complete fusion on the sides of the joint. Note: To view Google Ads, Please
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The development procedure for selecting the most suitable GMAW parameters for Pipe-and-Tube-Welding is summarized hereafter. It is based on the original Ed Craig's Seven Steps Weld Process Control Program for GMAW and FCAW of Pipes. Interested readers are urged to seek the full text in the said chapter of the above mentioned book. The following discussion is centered on Pipes and Tubes made of carbon or low alloy steel.
Several GMAW and FCAW procedure examples are given at the end of Chapter 12 on Pipe Welding in the above recommended book from Ed Craig. Whoever is facing daily problems with the subject matter will gain much needed process expertise by learning from the source. Materials: Some of the most common pipe steels are reported hereafter. ASTM A53/A53M-12
ASTM A106/A106M-11
ASTM A381-96(2005)
Specifications. API Std 1104 (R2010)
BS EN 288-9:1999
BS EN 287-1:2011
ANSI/AWS D10.12M/D10.12:2000
ANSI/ASME B31.1-2012
An article on Pipe Welding was published in the Issue No. 11 of Practical Welding Letter for July 2004. Reference to different standards (also reported here) are given and also URLs (Internet addresses) to articles on particular aspects of the same subject, available online. To see the article click on PWL#011. Another article on Parameters for GMA Welding Pipes (IV), complementary to this Web Page, was published in the Issue No. 26 of Practical Welding Letter for October 2005. To see the article click on PWL#026.
A short note on grinding (gouging) of the root pass of welds in thick Pipes was included in the Q&A department of Issue No. 13 of Practical Welding Letter for September 2004. Practical tips on welding thick wall pipes are included. To see the article click on PWL#013. A short note on Orbital Tube Welding reviewing mechanized systems dedicated to perform circumferential welds of stationary tube ends was included in Department 9.2 of Issue No. 05 of Practical Welding Letter for January 2004. An Article on Orbital Welding was published in Issue 51 of Practical Welding Letter for November 2007. Click on PWL#051 to read it. A website page is available on Orbital Welding. Orbital Welding can be performed also with a Laser Beam Welding process variant called Hybrid Welding.
An Article on Filler Metals for Power Plant Equipment was published (4) in Issue 83 of Practical Welding Letter for July 2010. An Article on Advancements in Pipe-and-Tube-Welding was published (2) in Issue 95 of Practical Welding Letter for July 2011. An Article on Pipeline Welding Efficiency was published (11) in Issue 119 of Practical Welding Letter for July 2013. An Article on Hybrid Induction Arc Welding was published (2) in Issue 138 of Practical Welding Letter for February 2015. An Article on Welding Austenitic SMO 254 Stainless Steel was published (4) in Issue 155 of Practical Welding Letter for July 2016. An Article on Welding Pipe Downhill was published (2) in Issue 166 of Practical Welding Letter for June 2017. An Article on Orbital Welding of Tube Heat Exchangers was published (2) in Issue 167 of Practical Welding Letter for July 2017.
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Primes by M. Gildner
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 Pipe-and-Tube-Welding is an industrial activity very important for any economy. It pays to do it well. Read here how to...
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