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Welding-qualification:Record of qualifying Results.SOLUTIONS with Effective, Powerful Advice
Welding-qualification practice has evolved in a complex and well defined protocol engaging qualification procedures and constant control of production activities. These requirements are conceived to provide assurance that every precaution is taken to avoid dangerous habits or sloppy execution.
The purpose is to guarantee that the application of welding techniques is realized with adequate competence and workmanship to fulfill design purposes. Welding-qualification of procedures and of personnel is an important part of weld quality management together with performance qualification records (PQR).
These are the essential tools capable of assuring that the performed welds will meet the construction intent. Manufacturers are requested to keep record of successful qualification tests and to document the continuing performance of their welders. Welding Codes and Standards (see Welding Standards) are established by professional associations upon much discussion. They are accepted as distilled current knowledge and experience relative to fabricated constructions, addressing the needs of particular service conditions. The responsibility for Welding-qualification of Welding Personnel and Procedures lies with the employer, fabricator, manufacturer or contractor. Those are liable for selection, definition and control of the welding procedures they will use to perform the work.
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Welding-qualification requirements are generally formalized as binding Codes. However, even if the application is not covered by a code or standard, it is strongly recommended that some form of welding procedure qualification be performed for all critical welding operation. The document detailing the specific welding instructions to be followed for a given job is called Welding Procedure Specification (WPS). The WPS describes a set of conditions including materials and consumables, thickness, position, welding process, welding parameters etc. The Welding-qualification of the procedure may be required by the applicable code, that will generally request also the qualification of personnel involved. The Welding-qualification of the personnel consists in demonstrating (by thorough testing of suitable test-pieces) that the welders are indeed capable of producing satisfactory welds when using the prescribed process, materials and procedure. The adherence to all WPS requirements has to be confirmed by the representative of the responsible agent, who will witness the whole operation. Welding-qualification of procedures consists in performing on a test piece the typical weld described in the WPS document, and then submitting the welded sample to all the prescribed examinations and tests. Failing the tests prevents the issue of the qualification document. The results meeting the requirements are to be reported by the employer in a standard document called Procedure Qualification Record (PQR). This document provides the details of the qualification, including the essential variables that were used for welding the test piece, and an official statement of certification confirming that all applicable code requirements were met. Because of this statement, welders having passed the Welding-qualification tests are designated as Certified Welders. The use of prequalified procedures is sometimes admitted, provided all code requirements are met. Codes admit a measure of variability around the conditions used for qualifying any given procedure. If the conditions exceed the limits, a new procedure has to be established and qualified. A single welding procedure qualification test may support a number of welding procedure specifications. Alternatively a single welding procedure specification may be supported by a number of procedure qualifications. An Article on Welder Qualification was published (7) in Issue 111 of Practical Welding Letter for November 2012. An Article on Filler Metal for Brazing Qualification of superconducting radiofrequency cavities was published (4) in Issue 145 of Practical Welding Letter for September 2015. An Article on Filling the Welders Workforce Gap was published (7) in Issue 146 of Practical Welding Letter for October 2015. An introduction to our new page on Welding-certification was published (8) in Issue 148 of Practical Welding Letter for December 2015. An Article on Duplex Stainless Filler Metals and Procedure Qualification Problems was published (4) in Issue 152 of Practical Welding Letter for April 2016.
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The following documents deal with different aspects of Welding-qualification, important to demonstrate acceptable Quality level in all manufacturing operations.
ANSI/AWS B2.1/B2.1M-BMG:2009 ANSI/AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2009
ANSI/AWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010
AWS B2.4:2012 ANSI/AWS G1.6:2006
ANSI/AWS B5.1:2003
ANSI/AWS B5.2:2001
AWS B5.4:2005 ANSI/AWS B5.5:2011
ANSI/AWS B5.9:2000
ANSI/AWS B5.14:2009 ANSI/AWS B5.15:2010
ANSI/AWS B5.16:2006
ANSI/AWS B5.17:2008
ANSI/AWS C2.16/C2.16M:2002
ANSI/AWS C1.5:2009
AWS CMWS:2005 European Welding Standard DIN EN ISO 15610
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Copyright (©) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017  Welding-qualification is the proof of capability that authorities and purchasers of welded construction need, to verify compliance with all requirements.
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